Events

• 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' victory over Attila the Hun.
• 1214 - University of Oxford receives its charter.
• 1631 - The sack of Baltimore: the Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates.
• 1685 - Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater.
• 1756 - British garrison imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.
• 1782 - The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.
• 1787 - Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the United States.
• 1789 - Deputies of the French Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath.
• 1791 - King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family begin the Flight to Varennes.
• 1819 - The U.S. vessel SS Savannah arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. She is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, but most of the journey was made under sail.
• 1837 - Queen Victoria succeeds to the British throne.
• 1862 - Barbu Catargiu, the Prime Minister of Romania, is assassinated.
• 1863 - West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.
• 1877 - Alexander Graham Bell installs world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
• 1893 - Lizzie Borden is acquitted of murdering her stepmother and father.
• 1919 - 150 die at the Teatro Yaguez fire, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
• 1948 - Toast of the Town, later The Ed Sullivan Show, debuts.
• 1956 - A Venezuelan Super-Constellation crashed in Atlantic Ocean off Asbury Park, New Jersey killing 74 people.
• 1960 - Independence of Mali and Senegal.
• 1963 - The so-called "red telephone" is established between Soviet Union and United States following the Cuban Missile Crisis.
• 1973 - Ezeiza massacre in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Snipers fired upon left-wing peronists. At least 13 are killed and more than 300 injured.
• 1990 - Asteroid Eureka discovered.
• 1991 - German parliament decides to move the capital from Bonn back to Berlin.

Births